🌍 Civilizations Discovered in Hadoti
🎨 Alaniya (Kota)
- 📅 On August 14, 1978, Dr. Jagatnarayan Shrivastava discovered rock paintings here.
- 🌄 Rock paintings were found in the dense forests and rocky caves of Hadoti.
- 📜 The first discovery of rock paintings in Hadoti was made in 1953 by Dr. Vishnudhar Wakankar.
- 🏛️ Near the Chattaneshwar Temple on the banks of the Alaniya River close to Kota, 35 rock shelters in 5 groups were found.
🏞️ Khanpura Civilization (Jhalawar)
- 🗓️ Remains of a river valley civilization dating back to 200 BCE have been discovered here.
🪵Gardda Civilization (Bundi)
- 🌊 Developed on the banks of the Chhaja River.
- 🎨 The country’s first “Bird Rider Rock Paintings” (rock art) were discovered here.
🧱 Civilizations Discovered in Bharatpur
🛠️ Noh Civilization
- 📜 This is a Mahabharata-era and Iron Age civilization.
- 🌊 Located in Noh village on the banks of the Ruparail River.
- 🧱 Bird-engraved bricks and a statue of Jakha Baba (a Yaksha) were discovered here.
- 🛠️ Excavation was conducted in 1963-64 under the supervision of Shri Ratanchandra Agrawal.
- 🔍 Remains of an Iron Age civilization were found here.
- ⛏️ Sixteen ring wells were discovered at one location during the excavation.
🐄 Bayana/ Shripanth Civilization
- 🐂 Evidence of Gupta-era coins and indigo cultivation has been found here.
🎨Dar Civilization
- 🎨 Early Stone Age painted rock shelters have been discovered here.
🏞️Malaha Civilization
🌍Civilization of Udaipur.
🏺Balathal Civilization (Vallabhnagar, Udaipur)
- 🌊 Located on the banks of the Bedch River.
- ⏳ Related to the Copper Age.
- 🔍 Excavation:
- In 1993 by V.N. Mishra (Virendra Nath Mishra).
- 🏰 Remains of fortifications.
- ⚰️ 4000-year-old skeleton:
The oldest evidence of leprosy in India. - 🛠️ Animal husbandry, agriculture, and hunting (means of livelihood).
- 💎 Copper jewelry.
- 🏯 A large fort-like building with 11 rooms.
🌄 Jhadol Civilization (Udaipur).
🗺️ This civilization is located in Udaipur district.
🏞️ Major Civilizations of Western Rajasthan.
🏞️ Civilizations Discovered in Jaisalmer.
🪓 Ola Civilization.
- 🗿 Stone Age axe has been found here.
🏞️ Lodrwa Civilization.
- 🌊 Developed on the banks of the Saraswati River.
- 🏺 This civilization is considered contemporary to the Harappa and Kalibanga civilizations.
🛠️ Parewar and Sonu Region.
- 🦴 The oldest fossils of rat teeth have been discovered here.
🔍 Kunda.
🗿 Bilada Civilization (Jodhpur-Rural).
- 🗺️ This civilization is located in the Jodhpur rural area.
🏰 Mandor Civilization (Jodhpur).
- 💍 Here, Ravana married Mandodari.
- 🏛️ It is known as “Ravana’s Chawri” or “Phere ka Mandap.”
🛠️ Kurada Civilization (Parbatsar Tehsil, Didwana-Kuchaman).
- 🗓️ Discovery of copper materials in 1934.
- 🛠️ It is also known as the “City of Copper Tools.”
🏞️ Jayal, Khudi, Sindhi Talab Civilizations.
- 🌊 These civilizations are located in Nagaur.
🛡️ Sawaniya Civilization (Bikaner).
- 🗿 Like Jhadol and Kurada, a large collection of Copper Age tools has been found here.
🏜️ Pungal-Sonthi (Bikaner).
- 🛠️ It is also known as ‘Kalibanga I.’
- 🔍 Its excavation was conducted by Amalnanda Ghosh in 1953.
🏺 Civilizations of Anupgarh District.
- 🌾 Tarkhan Wala Dera: This civilization is located in Anupgarh district.
- 🗺️ Chak Chouasi: This is also located in Anupgarh district.
- 🌊 Baror: This civilization is located in the pre-Ganganagar region
🗿 Other Important Sites.
🏛️ Chandrawati Civilization (Sirohi).
- 🛠️ In 1822, Colonel James Tod discovered it.
- 📖 Tod mentioned it in his book “The Western India.”
- 🔍 On January 4, 2014, Japanese archaeologist Hindo Hitoshi and Prof. Jeevan Lal Khargwal began excavation here.
- 🌟 The late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi visited this site three months before her death (October 31, 1984).
- 🕉️ The statue of Vishnu seated in the Garudasana Temple is a unique sculpture of its time.
🏞️ Tilwada Civilization (Pachpadra Tehsil, Balotara).
- 🌊 Developed on the banks of the Luni River.
- 🐄 Remains of animal husbandry have been found.
- ⏳ This is related to the Microlithic culture.
🏺 Alana (Bhinmal, Jalore).
- 🛠️ In 1953-54, Ratanchandra Agarwal conducted its excavation.
- 🍷 Evidence of foreign trade – Roman empire (wine jars) and Greek pitchers.
- 🏛️ Ancient name: Shrimala.
🗿 Luni Valley (Didwana-Boodha Pushkar).
- 🗿 This is an important site of the Mesolithic era.
- 🔍 Excavation (1971-76):
- Dr. Alchin, A.S. Gowdi, and K.T.M. Hegde.
- Mesolithic tools were discovered.
🔥 Sunari (Khetri Tehsil, Jhunjhunu).
- 🏭 The oldest furnaces for smelting iron have been found here.
💰 Gurada / Gurara Civilization (Neem Ka Thana).
- 🪙 A total of 2744 silver punch-marked coins have been found here.
🌄 Bhangarh (Alwar).
- 🛠️ Paleolithic tools have been found here.
🎨 Dadhikar (Alwar).
- 🖌️ 7000-year-old rock paintings have been found here.
🏞️ Sojat, Dhaneri, and Tilwada:
- This site is related to the Microlithic culture.
🏞️ Nadol (Pali District).
- Ancient archaeological site.
🏛️ Chaksu (Jaipur Rural).
- Ancient name: Champavati/Chaatsu.
🏺 Bagore (Bhilwara) and Tilwada (Balotara, Barmer).
- Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age).
