🛡️Rathore Dynasty of Marwar🛡️

📜 Origin of the Word Rathore: Derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Rashtrakuta.’

🏰 Capital During Crisis: Siwana Fort (Balotra, Barmer).

⚔️ Struggle for Independence: Marwar remained a prominent Rajput state striving for independence until the death of Aurangzeb.

👑 Royal Nobles: Close relatives of the king, exempted from servitude and taxes for three generations.

🏅 Categories of Nobles:

🌟 Rajvi Nobles
⚔️ Sardar
📜 Mutsadi
🛡️ Siarat
🏵️ Ganayat

🏵️ Siropav Tradition: Awarded for bravery, literature, and service.

🐘 Highest Honor: Hathi Siropav (Elephant Siropav).

💬 Colonel Tod’s Statement:
“The Mughal emperors owed half of their victories to the gratitude of one lakh Rathore swords.”

Prominent Rulers

🏹 Rao Siha (1240-73 CE)

🛡️ Founder: Established the Rathore dynasty of Marwar.

🌟 Title: “Founder/Progenitor/First Ancestor of the Rathores of Marwar.”

Ruled over the Pali region.

Died while fighting against Muslim raiders from Sindh.

Contemporary folk deity: Pabuji.

Rao Asthana (1273 to 1291)

Rao Doohad (1291 to 1309)

Rao Raymal

Rao Teeda

Rao Mallinath

⚔️ Rao Chuda (1394-1423 CE)

🗡️ Father: Veermadev.

Mallinath Ji raised him.

Real founder of Marwar.

🏰 First powerful ruler among the Rathores of Marwar.

He conquered Mandore and Nagaur.

💍 Marriage: Married Kishore Kunwari, daughter of the king from the Inda branch of the Pratiharas.

🎁 Dowry: Mandore Fort, which he made his capital.

🐾 Kanha (1423-27 CE)

🌟 Mother: Chuda’s younger wife, Queen Kishore Kunwari.

🏅 Successor: Chuda made him king, although he was not the rightful heir.

🛡️ Ranmal (1427-38 CE)

🌟 Mother: Chuda’s queen, Sonagari Rani Chand Kanwar.

🏹 Ran to Rana Lakha’s Shelter: When he was not made king, he sought refuge with Rana Lakha Singh of Mewar.

🎖️ Jagir: Acquired the ‘Dhanla’ jagir in Mewar.

👸 Marriage to Hansabai:
- 💍 Conditional Marriage: Married to Rana Lakha (Condition – Hansabai’s successor would become the ruler of Mewar).

🏆 Became King: With the help of Mewar’s Mokal (nephew), defeated Kanha and became the king.

💔 Murder:
- ⚔️ According to legends: Murdered by Mewar’s military leaders.
- 🍷 Other belief: His lover Bharmali poisoned him by mixing poison in his wine.

👑 Rao Jodha (1438-89 CE)

👑 Father: Rao Ranmal

🌸 Mother: Kodmade

With the help of Hadbuzi, he regained Mandore in 1453. Gave the village of Bengti as a jagir to Hadbuzi.

🏰 Foundation:
- 📅 On 12th May 1459 CE, founded the city of Jodhpur.
- ⛰️ Built Mehrangarh Fort on the Chidiya Tunk hill.
- 🏙️ Made Jodhpur his capital.

⚔️ Struggles:
- 🗡️ Fought a fierce battle with Rana Kumbha for the throne of Mandore.
- Defeated the army of Bahlool Lodi of Delhi.

Rani Jasamade, Rao Jodha’s queen, constructed the Rani Sagar Lake.

Rao Satal defeated Ghudla Khan in the Kosna War (1492). In memory of this victory, the Ghudla Festival is celebrated on Chaitra Krishna Ashtami.

His queen, Phulade Bhatiyani, constructed the Phulelab Lake.

🌿 Rathore Dynasty’s Medetia Branch:

🌟 Founder: Rao Duda. 🌾 Rao Duda: Son of Rao Jodha.

🏡 Lived in a village named Medta, which is why they are called Medetia Rathores.

🎯 Also known as Doodawat Rathores.

🌄 Rao Ganga (1515-32 CE)

⚔️ Battle of Khanwa 1527:
- 🛡️ Assisted Rana Sanga along with his son Maldev.
- 💍 Reason: Rana Sanga’s daughter, Padmini, was his wife.

❌ Murder:
- 🗡️ His son Maldev killed him by pushing him from a palace window.
- ⚰️ Because of this, Maldev was called “Pitr-hanta of Marwar” (Patricide of Marwar).

🌠 Rao Maldev (1532-62 CE)

👶 Birth:

📅 Born on 5th December, 1511.

👑 Father: Rao Ganga.

⚔️ Ascension to the Throne:

🛡️ Became the ruler of Jodhpur on 21st May, 1532.

📍 The coronation took place in Sojat (Pali).

🗡️ Gained power by killing his father.

📜 In the view of historians:

🌟 Persian historians (Abul Fazl, Badayuni, and Nizamuddin) referred to him as a ‘Majestic Ruler’.

🏹 Farishta and Badayuni Khan called him ‘The Great Martial Prince of India’.

🌠 According to Marwar’s legends, he was considered the most capable and valorous ruler of Marwar.

🏆 He was honored as the hero of 52 battles and the lord of 58 parganas.

⚔️ Important Battles:

🗡️ Pahoba/Saheba Battle (26th February, 1542):

🏹 Defeated Rao Jaitsi of Bikaner.

🛡️ Giri Sumel Battle (5th January, 1544):

🏔️ Location: Jaitaran, Beawar (former Pali).

⚔️ Opponents: Sher Shah Suri.

🔥 Sher Shah Suri defeated Maldev’s army with great difficulty.

📜 According to Farishta, Sher Shah said:
“For a handful of millet, I would lose the kingship of Hindustan.”

🏃 Maldev left the battlefield without fighting.

🗡️ In this battle, Maldev’s brave generals Jaita and Koopa were martyred.

🤝 Rao Kalyanmal of Bikaner and Maldev’s former vassal Veermdev assisted Sher Shah Suri.

💍 Marriage and ‘Ruthī Rānī’:

💒 Rao Maldev married Umade, the daughter of Rao Lunkaran of Jaisalmer.

🌸 Umade:

🌺 She is referred to as the ‘Ruthī Rānī’ (Angry Queen) in history.

🕊️ Due to issues of honor, she remained upset with Maldev throughout her life.

🏰 She observed a vow of celibacy at the Taragarh Fort in Ajmer.

🔥 After the death of Rao Maldev, she became a sati.

🏰 Contribution to Fort Construction:

🏯 Sojat Fort (Pali)

🏰 Pokaran Fort (Jaisalmer)

🛡️ Malkot Fort (Medta Nagaur)

🛡️ Shergarh Fort (Dholpur)

📌 Special Information:

⚔️ Battle of Chausa: Fought between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun.

Gave a new dimension to Jodhpur’s painting and culture.

Maldev’s queen, Swaroop De, had the construction of Bahuji Ro Talab near Mandore.

🦁 Rao Chandrasen (1562-81 CE)

👶 Birth and Family

📅 Birth: 16th July, 1541

👑 Father: Rao Maldev

🌟 Successor: Rao Maldev appointed his son Chandrasen as his successor, choosing him over his other two sons, Ramsingh and Udaysingh.

🛡️ Ascension to the Throne

📅 31st December, 1562: Rao Chandrasen ascended the throne of Jodhpur.

🏰 Coronation: After becoming the ruler of Jodhpur, he began his struggle for power.

⚔️ Conflict with Akbar

🗡️ In 1564:
🔥 Chandrasen’s brother Ramsingh sought help from Akbar’s court against Chandrasen.

📜 3rd November, 1570:
✨ Akbar held a court in Nagaur.

🌺 Chandrasen went to Nagaur, rejected Akbar’s authority, and returned to Jodhpur.

🔥 Akbar’s Attack:
🏔️ Angered, Akbar sent Hussain Kuli Khan to attack Jodhpur.

🏹 Chandrasen fled from Jodhpur and took refuge in Bhadradun (Jalore).

📍 In 1571, he left Bhadradun and moved towards Siwana (Balotara).

🏰 Administration of Jodhpur:
📅 30th October, 1572: Akbar entrusted the administration of Jodhpur to Rai Singh of Bikaner.

📜 In 1574: To quell the rebellion, Akbar sent Rai Singh against Chandrasen.

🌟 Titles and Characteristics

🛡️ Rejected Akbar’s authority throughout his life.

🌠 Known by titles such as ‘Pratap of Marwar,’ ‘Forerunner of Valor,’ ‘The Forgotten King of Marwar,’ and ‘The Forgotten Hero.’

🔥 He was the first Rajasthani ruler to resist Akbar throughout his life.

⚰️ Death and Samadhi

📅 Date of Death: 11th January, 1581

🏔️ Location: Near Sojat Fort (Pali), in the Sarana hills, at a place called ‘Sanchiyap’.

🌳 A samadhi (memorial) was built at this location in his honor.

🏰 Khalsa of Jodhpur State

📅 1581-1583:

After Rao Chandrasen’s death, the Jodhpur state remained under Khalsa (direct imperial control) for three years.

📜 In 1583: Akbar handed over the control of Marwar to Udaysingh, along with the khilat (robe of honor) and title.

🏞️ Rao Udaysingh (1583-95 CE)

🛡️ He is known as ‘Mota Raja’.

💍 Daughter’s Marriage:

💖 His daughter, Manbai/Bhanmati/Jagatgonsai/Malika-e-Jahan, married Salim/Jahangir in 1587 CE.

👶 From this marriage, Khurram (Shah Jahan) was born.

🏹 Mughal Subjugation:

🤝 Udaysingh was the first ruler of Marwar to accept Mughal suzerainty.

💍 He established matrimonial alliances with the Mughals.